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Mumps Virus (MuV)

Table of Contents

1. Taxonomy 2. Genome a. Summary b. Schematic c. Genes Encoded d. Genome Browser 3. Morphology 4. Life Cycle 5. Pathology 6. Epidemiology 7. External Links

Haemadsorption of erythrocytes on the surface of cells infected with mumps virus [Image Source]

Taxonomy [top]

Order	Mononegavirales (Wikipedia, NCBI taxonomy, ICTVdb)
Family	Paramyxoviridae (Wikipedia, NCBI taxonomy, ICTVdb, ICTVdb picture gallery)
Subfamily	Paramyxovirinae (NCBI taxonomy, ICTVdb)
Genus	Rubulavirus (Wikipedia, NCBI taxonomy, ICTVdb)
Species	Mumps virus (Wikipedia, NCBI taxonomy, ICTVdb)

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Genome [top]

Mumps virus (MuV) genome summary Type (-)ssRNA, enveloped negative-sense single-stranded RNA Size 15.9kb Genes encoded NP,V/P,M,F,SH,HN,L

Schematic [Image Source]

Genes Encoded Gene Name (GeneID) Location Length Product(s) NP (GenBank) 146-1795 1649 Nucleocapsid protein (GenBank) V/P (GenBank) 1979-3152 1173 Phoshoprotein (GenBank) and V protein (GenBank) M (GenBank) 3264-4391 1127 Membrane protein ((GenBank) F (GenBank) 4546-6162 1616 Fusion protein (GenBank) SH (GenBank) 6268-6441 173 Small hydrophobic protein (GenBank) HN (GenBank) 6614-8362 1748 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (GenBank) L (GenBank) 8438-15223 6785 Large protein (GenBank) [Source] Genome Browser JBrowse: Mumps Virus Genome Reference sequence: Miyahara strain MuV, Accession NC_002200.1 Source: Okazaki K, Tanabayashi K, Takeuchi K, Hishiyama M, Okazaki K, Yamada A. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the mumps virus gene encoding the L protein and the trailer sequence. Virology. 1992 Jun;188(2):926-30. Summary of Tracks: gene GenBank entries for known genes (link to GB gene entry) CDS GenBank entries for known proteins encoded by above genes (link to GB protein page) PDB Structures available from PDB (link to PDB entries) Misc Miscellaneous notes found in GenBank entry Detection Primers Primers used in clinical samples to identify MuV (link to literature) Vaccine Peptides Small peptides used as epitopes to raise immune response in vaccination (link to literature) Heterogenic Positions Natural point mutations identified in different virus strains (link to literature) Glimmer Gene predicted by Glimmer GC content Local GC percentage; calculated with a sliding window of 5 basepairs (see tutorial) Multiple Sequence Alignment within group Multiple sequence alignment (by CLUSTALW between mumps, measles, and hmpv, the height of graph shows consensus (see tutorial) Sequencing Primers Primers identified by primer3plus for sequencing all the CDS in the genome (see tutorial) Restriction Enzyme sites Restriction enzyme cleavage sites identified by tacg (see tutorial)

Morphology [top]

Paramyxoviruses encode negative-sense, single-stranded, monopartite RNA. They are enveloped and contain a helical nucleocapsid. They appear pleomorphic or spherical in electron micrographs.

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Life Cycle [top]

(-)ssRNA must first be converted into +ssRNA (mRNA) by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) incorporated in the virion. The mRNA can then be translated into proteins. Replicative enzymes (RDRP) synthesize a negative-strand copy of the +RNA. Structural proteins translated from the mRNA are then used to package progeny -RNA and RDRP into virions.

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Pathology [top]

Mumps, like measles, is caused by a virus in Paramyxoviridae family. Mumps is highly infectious and spreads out via air-borne droplet. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the salivary grands causing the swelling of neck and jaw. After viruses get through the host, it spread through bloodstream and may affect other organs including the brain, testes and pancreas. Severe complications may include encephalitis and, very rarely, sterility. The surface proteins located on the surface of the virus trigger the host's immunity which in general leads to the quick recovery. As same as the measles, the diseases developed by the virus can be efficiently controlled by using vaccination (MMR vaccine). Hence, the prevalence of mumps in developed countries is very low, with disease usually restricted to individuals who did not recieve the MMR vaccine.
[Source: Brock Biology of Microorganisms, M. T. Madigan, J. M. Martinko, P.V. Dunlap and D. P. Clark. 2009. Prentice Hall, N.J., Twelfth Edition.]

Epidemiology [top]

Mumps is a disease of childhood, the highest incidence occurs in children between 5 - 9 years of age. The disease is less contagious than other childhood diseases such as measles and varicella. According to a recent epidemiological survey in America, 10% of the population had mumps during each of the first 5 years of life, 74% had it by age 10, and 95% by 20 years of age. Mumps is endemic in most urban areas. In temperate zones, a seasonal variation is evident, the highest incidence being around January to May. No such seasonal variation exists in tropical countries. Subclinical infections are common in very young infants (2 - 3 years of age), and the proportion increases with age in adulthood. Up to 90% of infections at the age of 10 - 14 age were associated with symptoms whilst almost all infections are subclinical beyond 60 years of age.
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External Links [top]

Wikipedia
GenBank
Epidemiology